1
10
14
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Title
A name given to the resource
Civil War and Reconstruction
Description
An account of the resource
The Civil War was undoubtedly one of the most important events in American history. The war challenged not only the issue of slavery, but the also the balance of federal versus state powers and the power of constitutional government. In the end, not only did the war preserve the Union as Lincoln had spoken of, but it also freed nearly four million African Americans from slavery. The war also highlighted stark differences in regions of the country. These differences ranged from political to religious to economic. There were many cases of brother fighting brother, neighbor fighting neighbor, and men who had previously been in the United States military service choosing to fight for the Confederacy, most notably, Robert E. Lee. The war also saw an increase in battlefield news coverage and photography, along with the first assassination of an American President.
Following the war, the nation was faced with the problem of Reconstruction. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were aimed towards providing full equality for African Americans, but did face opposition on many levels. Despite headway, the North and the South both had strong objections to Radical Reconstruction and full social and racial democratization. Many Americans opposed the idea of redistributing wealth and were still in favor of strong local rights and government. In some cases, Reconstruction increased the racial divide, giving rise to movements such as the KKK.
Learn more in the National History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1850-1877
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1839
Birthplace
King William County
Occupation
Pamunkey Leader and Unionist
Biographical Text
Caroline Bradby Cook (born ca. 1839), a resident of the Pamunkey Indian Reservation in King William County, was widowed in 1861, a few months after giving birth to her only child, George Major Cook. She and most of the other Pamunkey remained loyal to the United States during the Civil War, and her brothers and other relatives guided United States Army units in eastern Virginia and served as river pilots. When the Union army encamped at the Indian town, she cooked and washed for the soldiers even as they systematically dismantled her house and fences and burned the wood in their campfires. <br /><br />After the war Cook went to the county court in order to take out letters of administration on the estate of her husband, Major Cook. Pamunkey Indians did not own the real estate on the reservation land, but as a widow she inherited the house and fence that the soldiers had destroyed. Cook filed a claim with the Southern Claims Commission for compensation from the United States government for her ruined property. In rebuilding her house and fence, she carefully counted the posts and pickets in order to apply for compensation for no more than she was entitled to. Cook received $100 in 1879. She was a founding member of the Pamunkey Baptist Church, organized in April 1865. Her son, whom she raised with the help of her relatives, served as chief of the Pamunkey from 1902 until his death in 1930. He championed the rights of Virginia's Indians when their cultural heritage and even legal existence were being challenged. The last known reference to Caroline Bradby Cook in public records is the 1910 census, which recorded that she was then living in the house of her son the chief.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2009" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2009</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of The National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Caroline Bradby Cook
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
A Unionist during the Civil War, Caroline Bradby Cook protected, preserved, and passed on the Pamunkey heritage.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Community Leadership and Philanthropy
Religion
-
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1890
Birthplace
Richmond
Death Date
1957
Occupation
Founder of the National Association of Ministers' Waves
Biographical Text
Elizabeth A. Coles (November 14, 1890-February 5, 1957) was born in Liberia, the daughter of missionaries. Her family returned to Virginia in 1893. After high school, Coles wanted to be a missionary, but as there was no support for unmarried female missionaries, she prepared for a career as a teacher. One day she received a letter from Edward H. Bouey, also a child of missionaries. At their first meeting, he proposed to her, and they soon married. The couple went to Liberia, where they continued her parents’ work, ran a school, and began a hospital. In 1929 they returned to Richmond with their children and an adopted African youth. Elizabeth Coles Bouey became a public school teacher but found time to study theology at Virginia Union University and to earn a master’s degree in education from Columbia University. <br /><br />Knowing of the lack of training available for ministers’ wives, Bouey proposed a national association for them. Her idea was well received in the region, and the first chapter of the National Association of Ministers’ Wives was founded in Richmond in 1939. During the next year, Bouey organized other chapters in Virginia and corresponded with ministers’ wives throughout the United States. The first national conference took place in Richmond in 1941, and Bouey was elected president, a post she held until her death. Over the next sixteen years, Bouey oversaw members from more than thirty states and from West Africa; the establishment of the organization’s journal, Ministers’ Wives Herald; and the purchase of a building in Richmond. Since Bouey’s death the NAMW has become the International Association of Ministers’ Wives and Ministers’ Widows, with more than 40,000 members.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2007" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2007</a></span><span> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Elizabeth Coles Bouey
Subject
The topic of the resource
African American Trailblazers
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2007 African American Trailblazers Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
The daughter and wife of missionaries, Elizabeth Coles Bouey organized the National Association of Ministers’ Wives.
Education
Religion
-
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Title
A name given to the resource
Revolution and the New Nation
Description
An account of the resource
The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces.
Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1754-1820s
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1749
Birthplace
Saltville
Death Date
1825
Occupation
Methodist Lay Leader
Biographical Text
Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell (1749-1825) was compared favorably to her famous brother Patrick Henry, in part because she shared his unwavering drive and impressive oratorical skills. Born in Hanover County, she joined her first husband on the frontier of Southwest Virginia soon after their marriage in 1776. She kept busy, administering to sick and needy people. Soon after her husband's death, she remarried in 1781. In 1788 her family, which included her own children and stepchildren, moved to the present site of Saltville. That same year, Russell underwent a dramatic conversion to Methodism after attending a series of Methodist sermons. <br /><br />Embracing Methodism whole-heartedly, the Russells pledged their wealth to aid the church and influenced many people of the community to join. After her husband's death in 1793, Madame Russell, as she was known, increased her Methodist activism. She gave up her personal wealth but used the funds she had to support circuit riders and to pay to build churches. With a firm belief in God-given freedom for all people, she freed the slave that she owned. In 1812 she settled into a log cabin with a large room for holding religious meetings. Until her death, she hosted itinerant preachers and alerted community members whenever an impromptu service was to be held. When poor evangelists visited her, she bolstered them with food and clothing, as well as moral support and intellectual stimulation. The Madame Russell Methodist Church in Saltville is named in her honor.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2011" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2011</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of The Library of Virginia.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
Setting a charitable example, Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell fostered the fledgling Methodist Church in southwestern Virginia as a devoted adherent and through material and compassionate support of the church.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Community Leadership and Philanthropy
Religion
-
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9508fa3134c97710a4c2b73637890a4f
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil War and Reconstruction
Description
An account of the resource
The Civil War was undoubtedly one of the most important events in American history. The war challenged not only the issue of slavery, but the also the balance of federal versus state powers and the power of constitutional government. In the end, not only did the war preserve the Union as Lincoln had spoken of, but it also freed nearly four million African Americans from slavery. The war also highlighted stark differences in regions of the country. These differences ranged from political to religious to economic. There were many cases of brother fighting brother, neighbor fighting neighbor, and men who had previously been in the United States military service choosing to fight for the Confederacy, most notably, Robert E. Lee. The war also saw an increase in battlefield news coverage and photography, along with the first assassination of an American President.
Following the war, the nation was faced with the problem of Reconstruction. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were aimed towards providing full equality for African Americans, but did face opposition on many levels. Despite headway, the North and the South both had strong objections to Radical Reconstruction and full social and racial democratization. Many Americans opposed the idea of redistributing wealth and were still in favor of strong local rights and government. In some cases, Reconstruction increased the racial divide, giving rise to movements such as the KKK.
Learn more in the National History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1850-1877
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
ca. 1817
Birthplace
Richmond and Alexandria
Death Date
1897
Occupation
Baptist Minister and Republican Party Leader
Biographical Text
Fields Cook (ca. 1817-January 21, 1897) was born into slavery in King William County and rose to become a prominent African American leader in Richmond and Alexandria. In 1847 he began writing a narrative of his life, one of the longest manuscripts known to have been composed by an enslaved Virginian. Part of the memoir survives at the Library of Congress. He received permission about 1834 to live in Richmond, where he presumably participated in the illegal but common system of self-hiring. He married an enslaved domestic servant named Mary and became the father of at least three children. Gaining his freedom by 1850, he had managed by 1860 to free most of his family. <br /><br />After the Civil War, Cook became a Baptist minister and emerged as one of the most important African American leaders in Richmond. In 1865 when federal military authorities imposed harsh regulations on freedpeople, Cook and other leaders collected evidence of military and civilian misbehavior and called a mass meeting. Cook chaired the delegation chosen to present their case to the governor and to the president of the United States. <br /><br />Cook represented Richmond in the first state convention of African Americans. He wrote the convention's address to the public in which he argued that African Americans deserved full equality and must have the vote for their own protection. Cook's radical vision was at variance with ideas of subservience that the state's white leaders offered. In 1869 Cook attended the National Convention of the Colored Men of America in Washington, D.C., and was elected to its national executive committee. From 1867 to 1869 Cook worked for the Republican Party. He had an uneasy relationship with the Radical Republican leaders, as he favored a more inclusive party than they did. As an independent candidate for a seat in Congress in 1869 Cook received less than 1 percent of the vote. <br /><br />In 1870 Cook and his wife moved to Alexandria. As prominent there as he had been in Richmond, Cook remained in the Baptist ministry and was active in politics, supporting the Readjusters during the 1880s. He died in 1897, five years before Virginia stripped African American men of the vote, the franchise for which Cook had fought for three decades, claiming it as a right and a necessity. He was buried in Alexandria's Bethel Cemetery.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2008" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2008</span></a></span><span> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Ebenezer Baptist Church, Alexandria.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Fields Cook
Subject
The topic of the resource
African American Trailblazers
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2008 African American Trailblazers Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
Born into slavery, Fields Cook became a prominent African American leader in Richmond and Alexandria in the aftermath of the Civil War.
Arts and Literature
Government and Law
Religion
-
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6b623966f1f1ca6e5b112fbae89f1295
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Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Biographical Text
Born in Ulaanbaatar, he is world renowned as a master of the ancient Buddhist ritual known as Tsam, and as a maker of the masks that are central to this ritual practice. He is currently working with the blessings of the Dalai Lama to build a World Peace Pagoda in Mongolia and a second, smaller version in Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.<br /><br />Watch excerpts from Ganna's interview about:<br />
<ul>
<li><b><a href="https://youtu.be/BRxzhsH09GA" target="_blank">Belonging</a> </b>(3:04)</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://youtu.be/xWCDeTZ5Uk0" target="_blank">Opportunity</a></strong> (1:00)</li>
</ul>
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Gankhuyag (Ganna) Natsag
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Virginians
Description
An account of the resource
A native of Mongolia, Gankhuyag (Ganna) Natsag is world renowned as a master of the ancient Buddhist ritual known as Tsam.
Religion
-
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678996d2632d8bed976fbb9ed76a9828
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Revolution and the New Nation
Description
An account of the resource
The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces.
Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1754-1820s
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
Circa 1750
Birthplace
Williamsburg
Death Date
1807 or 1808
Occupation
Baptist Leader
Biographical Text
Gowan Pamphlet (ca. 1750-1807 or 1808) was born enslaved. While the details of his personal life are unknown, when he began preaching in the 1770s he was the property of a Williamsburg tavern keeper. At that time Pamphlet probably led a congregation of free and enslaved African Americans meeting in secret on the outskirts of the city. While he evidently avoided the more violent abuses sometimes meted out to black preachers then, Pamphlet was not immune to discrimination. Prejudice may have fueled accusations that he stole a horse in 1779 and that he participated in a slave revolt plot in 1793. Early in his career, the leading association of Baptist congregations in Virginia banned all preachers of color. Pamphlet ignored the decree. <br /><br />Pamphlet moved with his owner nearer to Richmond, the new capital, in 1786, but in a few years returned to Williamsburg with a new owner. In 1793 Pamphlet was freed. His deed of manumission was the first document to record his surname, and he probably choose the name Pamphlet at that time. That same year Pamphlet's Williamsburg congregation was received into the Dover Baptist Association, giving them a full endorsement as an active church. By 1805, Pamphlet owned land in Williamsburg and several acres outside the city. He continued to minister to his congregation, which at times numbered approximately 500 members, until his death.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2010" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2010</a></span> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia.
Bibliography
Representative Image Courtesy of the Prints and Photographs Collection, Library of Congress. Detail from Broadside, "American Sketches: A Negro Congregation at Washington" (1876).
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Title
A name given to the resource
Gowan Pamphlet
Subject
The topic of the resource
African American Trailblazers
Description
An account of the resource
Gowan Pamphlet was born enslaved, but persevered to become a well-known preacher, gain his freedom, and establish a Baptist church in Williamsburg that continues as an active congregation today.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Religion
-
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1924
Birthplace
Richmond
Death Date
2007
Occupation
Presbyterian Educator
Biographical Text
Born in Tallahassee, Florida, Isabel Wood Rogers (August 26, 1924–March 18, 2007) was a leader in expanding the role of women in the Presbyterian Church. After graduating from Florida State College for Women (later Florida State University), she received a master's degree in political science from the University of Virginia and then a Ph.D. in theology and ethics from Duke University. She also received a master's degree from the Presbyterian School of Christian Education (PSCE) in Richmond. Rogers served Georgia State College for Women from 1949 to 1961, first as chaplain and then as director of religious affairs, before returning to Richmond to teach applied Christianity at PSCE (later Union Theological Seminary–PSCE) until her retirement in 1998. She wrote five books that explored how Christians live in the modern world. <br /><br />Known to her colleagues and students as Dr. Izzie, Rogers was an energetic, outstanding teacher who encouraged her students and colleagues to pursue the quest for justice, including the ethical treatment of all people and full participation of women in the church and in society. A confirmed environmentalist, she advocated responsible stewardship of the earth. In 1987 Rogers was elected moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (USA), its highest elected office. Her role as moderator, she believed, was to encourage questions, to get people "to think for themselves, to forge their own faith." She received honorary degrees from several colleges as well as awards for her work as an educator and in the Presbyterian Church. In 1986 the YWCA recognized her as one of "Richmond's Outstanding Women."<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2008" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2008</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the William Smith Morton Library (Union Theological Seminary–PSCE).
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Isabel Wood Rogers
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
As an educator and author, Isabel Wood Rogers advocated that Christians take an active and responsible interest in the secular world.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2008 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Arts and Literature
Education
Religion
-
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Development of the Industrial United States
Description
An account of the resource
From Reconstruction to the end of the 19th century, the United States went through a dramatic shift in its economic landscape. Industrialization changed not only the nature of business, but also brought technological advances and demand for an ever-increasing workforce. A rapid expansion of the power of big business was countered with the rise of labor movements, and often resulted in conflict, sometimes violent in nature. In contrast to the positive outcomes of technological developments, there were ecological effects not understood at the time, and unhealthy working conditions that often sparked big labor disputes and strikes. This shift was felt not only in the industrial big cities of the North and Midwest, but also in the realm of farming, where the United States was now put into the role of the world’s premier food producer.
This era is defined largely by unprecedented immigration and urbanization, both of which fed the industrial system. Immigrants, for the first time, were less and less likely to come from Western Europe, now coming from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, Mexico, and Central America. Along with the need for expanding educational systems, which were often structured to push assimilation, the rise in immigration also led to religious tensions as Protestantism was no longer the dominating faith of immigrants. At the same time as immigrants were flooding the ports of the United States, the government launched wars against the Plains Indians, forcing the “second great removal” and defining a federal Indian policy that would last for decades.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1870-1900
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1812
Birthplace
Richmond
Death Date
1901
Occupation
Baptist Minister
Biographical Text
The year 2012 marks the bicentennial of John Jasper (July 4, 1812–March 30, 1901), who was born into slavery in Fluvanna County. After being sent to Richmond to work in a tobacco factory, in 1839 he experienced a religious conversion in Capitol Square. A fellow slave helped him learn to read and write, and Jasper began studying the Bible. He soon became a well-known preacher and traveled around Virginia for twenty years, most often preaching funeral sermons for other slaves. He regularly traveled to Petersburg to lead services at Third Baptist Church. <br /><br />After the Civil War and emancipation, Jasper established Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church, in Richmond. His dynamic leadership had attracted about 2,500 members by 1887, and the church served as a center of religious life in the Jackson Ward neighborhood. He established a Sunday school, and the church also provided social services to help the indigent, young, old, and infirm. <br /><br />In 1878 Jasper first delivered the sermon for which he became most famous, "The Sun Do Move" in which he expounded on his belief in the fundamental truth of the Bible and the power of God. His dramatic speaking style and vivid imagery attracted national attention, and he gave his sermon in cities throughout the eastern United States for many years. Jasper continued to preach at his church until a few days before his death at age eighty-eight. <br /><br /><br /><em>Nominated by Benjamin Ross, church historian, Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church, Richmond.</em><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2012" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2012</a></span><span> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia.</span><br />
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia.
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Title
A name given to the resource
John Jasper
Subject
The topic of the resource
African American Trailblazers
Description
An account of the resource
An extraordinary orator who preached throughout the eastern United States, John Jasper in 1867 established Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church, in Richmond.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2012 African American Trailblazers Honoree
Religion
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Title
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Emergence of Modern America
Description
An account of the resource
The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans.
With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1890-1930
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1868
Birthplace
Smyth County
Death Date
1940
Occupation
Entrepreneur and Lutheran Lay Leader
Biographical Text
A confidante and mother-in-law of the writer Sherwood Anderson, Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver (August 29, 1868-December 18, 1940) continued a family tradition of service to the Lutheran Church. She wrote fiction, poetry, and dozens of church pageants, many in collaboration with her younger sister, Katharine Killinger Scherer Cronk. One of Copenhaver's poems, "Heralds of Christ", became a well-known hymn. Her advocacy inspired the Women's Missionary Society to establish the Konnarock Training School to provide elementary-level academic and religious education for Smyth County children who did not have access to other public schools. <br /><br />As director of information for the Marion-based Virginia Farm Bureau Federation, Copenhaver advanced strategies for developing southwestern Virginia's agricultural economy. She emphasized the importance of cooperative marketing of farm products in order to improve the standard of living for farm families. <br /><br />Copenhaver practiced such cooperative strategies herself by coordinating the production of textiles out of her home, Rosemont. She hired women to produce coverlets based on traditional patterns and using local wool. Rosemont Industries expanded its offerings to include a wide variety of rugs, bed canopies and fringes, and other household items, some woven, knitted, or crocheted by hand and others manufactured by machine. Rosemont's popular textiles attracted customers from throughout the United States and from Asia, Europe, and South America. <br /><br />After Copenhaver's death, her sister Minerva May Scherer, longtime dean of Marion College, headed Rosemont Industries for two decades. In 1960 some of Copenhaver's children incorporated the business as Laura Copenhaver Industries, Inc., which continues to manufacture traditional textiles.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2007" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2007</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Copenhaver Family.
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Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
As founder of Rosemont Industries and as a Lutheran lay leader, Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver advocated strategies for improving educational and economic opportunities in southwestern Virginia.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2007 Virginia Women in History
Business and Entrepreneurship
Religion
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Expansion and Reform
Description
An account of the resource
Between 1800 and 1860, the United States underwent a period of increased territorial expansion, immigration, economic growth, and industrialization. At the same time as the nation was increasing in population and size, regional differences were becoming more and more pronounced, and politically confrontational. The idea of “Manifest Destiny” led to movements first across the Appalachians, then across the Mississippi, and finally with the goal of reaching the Pacific Ocean, encouraged by the Gold Rush. This expansion, however, did have some negative results, most notably, the removal of many Indian nations in the Southeast and old Northwest. While the Louisiana Purchase increased the size of the nation more or less peacefully, large amounts of square footage were also acquired through the America’s victory in the Mexican-American War.
Economic development, while increasing wealth and prosperity, also brought regional differences more sharply into focus. While the North began its path of Industrial Revolution, its increased urbanization and technological advancements separated it even further from an agrarian South. There was also a "transportation revolution" involving railroads, canals, and trans-regional roads, many times centered in the North. Slavery was also becoming a larger factor in the South, and would cause strife and political debate as new territory was added to the Union, particularly in the case of the Missouri Compromise and the Kansas–Nebraska Act which effectively repealed it. Despite expansion, free African Americans and women were still largely disenfranchised. Reforms movements occurred in bursts, setting the stage for post-Civil War major reforms.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1800-1860
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1780
Birthplace
Charles City County
Death Date
1828
Occupation
Baptist Minister and Settler of Liberia
Biographical Text
Lott Cary (ca. 1780–November 10, 1828) was born enslaved in Charles City County. Early details of his life are uncertain, although later biographies embellished various stories. In 1804, his owner hired him out to work in the tobacco warehouses of Richmond. There Cary experienced a religious conversion about 1807, became a lay preacher by 1815, and was later ordained a Baptist minister. About 1813 he had saved enough money by his labor to purchase his freedom and that of his two children by his first wife. <br /><br />Interested in mission work, he helped found the Richmond African Baptist Missionary Society in 1815. When the American Colonization Society announced plans to settle American freedpeople in West Africa, Cary decided to go. Several white Richmonders provided financial assistance for a group to sail in 1821. Cary was among the settlers who founded the town of Monrovia in the colony of Liberia, of which he was elected vice agent in 1826 and 1827. He established a joint stock company to improve Monrovia’s harbor and helped extend the colony’s territory. He served as the pastor of Providence Baptist Church and president of the Monrovia Baptist Missionary Society. While preparing munitions to defend the colony in November 1828, Cary was killed by an accidental gunpowder explosion. After his death, advocates of colonization used Lott Cary’s life story to promote the idea of a successful colony, making him one of the most famous black men of the early 19th century. <br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2015" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2015</span></a></span><span> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion.</span><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://youtu.be/G93FFO1T2vQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a></span> Juanita Cary’s speech at the 2015 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 4, 2015. Juanita Cary was representing honoree Lott Cary posthumously.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Virginia Baptist Historical Society.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lott Cary
Subject
The topic of the resource
Strong Men and Women in Virginia History
Description
An account of the resource
Born into slavery, Lott Cary purchased his own freedom and became an early leader in the new West African colony of Liberia.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree
Community Leadership and Philanthropy
Religion