1
10
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil War and Reconstruction
Description
An account of the resource
The Civil War was undoubtedly one of the most important events in American history. The war challenged not only the issue of slavery, but the also the balance of federal versus state powers and the power of constitutional government. In the end, not only did the war preserve the Union as Lincoln had spoken of, but it also freed nearly four million African Americans from slavery. The war also highlighted stark differences in regions of the country. These differences ranged from political to religious to economic. There were many cases of brother fighting brother, neighbor fighting neighbor, and men who had previously been in the United States military service choosing to fight for the Confederacy, most notably, Robert E. Lee. The war also saw an increase in battlefield news coverage and photography, along with the first assassination of an American President.
Following the war, the nation was faced with the problem of Reconstruction. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were aimed towards providing full equality for African Americans, but did face opposition on many levels. Despite headway, the North and the South both had strong objections to Radical Reconstruction and full social and racial democratization. Many Americans opposed the idea of redistributing wealth and were still in favor of strong local rights and government. In some cases, Reconstruction increased the racial divide, giving rise to movements such as the KKK.
Learn more in the National History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1850-1877
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1833
Birthplace
Richmond
Death Date
1916
Occupation
Hospital Administrator
Biographical Text
The daughter of a wealthy Mathews County family, Sally Louisa Tompkins (November 9, 1833–July 25, 1916) moved to Richmond shortly before the beginning of the Civil War. On July 21, 1861, she and other women of Saint James Episcopal Church opened a private hospital in the home of Judge John Robertson to provide for wounded soldiers. From the arrival of the first patient on August 3, 1861, until the departure of the last patient on June 13, 1865, Tompkins and her staff treated 1,333 patients, of whom only 73 died. Robertson Hospital, under Tompkins's superintendence, is reputed to have achieved the highest survival rate of any military hospital during the war. <br /><br />On September 9, 1861, the Secretary of War signed a letter appointing Tompkins a captain in the Confederate army in a possible ploy to enable Tompkins and the Robertson Hospital to receive supplies from the CSA Quartermaster Office. Tompkins accepted the appointment but refused to accept pay for her work. She was known as an efficient administrator whose insistence on cleanliness contributed to the high survival rate of the patients. After the war, Tompkins continued her involvement with charitable works and nursing. Her personal fortune depleted, she lived at the Home for Confederate Women in Richmond from 1905 until her death. Sally Louisa Tompkins was buried with full military honors in the Christ Episcopal Church graveyard in Mathews County.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2001</a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Virginia Historical Society.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Sally Louisa Tompkins
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2001 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
Appointed a captain in the Confederate army, Sally Tompkins managed a hospital in Richmond during the Civil War.
Military
Science and Medicine
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil War and Reconstruction
Description
An account of the resource
The Civil War was undoubtedly one of the most important events in American history. The war challenged not only the issue of slavery, but the also the balance of federal versus state powers and the power of constitutional government. In the end, not only did the war preserve the Union as Lincoln had spoken of, but it also freed nearly four million African Americans from slavery. The war also highlighted stark differences in regions of the country. These differences ranged from political to religious to economic. There were many cases of brother fighting brother, neighbor fighting neighbor, and men who had previously been in the United States military service choosing to fight for the Confederacy, most notably, Robert E. Lee. The war also saw an increase in battlefield news coverage and photography, along with the first assassination of an American President.
Following the war, the nation was faced with the problem of Reconstruction. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were aimed towards providing full equality for African Americans, but did face opposition on many levels. Despite headway, the North and the South both had strong objections to Radical Reconstruction and full social and racial democratization. Many Americans opposed the idea of redistributing wealth and were still in favor of strong local rights and government. In some cases, Reconstruction increased the racial divide, giving rise to movements such as the KKK.
Learn more in the National History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1850-1877
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1818
Birthplace
Richmond
Death Date
1900
Occupation
Spy
Biographical Text
Lifelong Richmond resident Elizabeth Van Lew (October 15, 1818–September 25, 1900) was a member of one of the city's leading commercial families that owned enslaved laborers and lived in a large mansion on Church Hill. After Virginia seceded in 1861, she remained loyal to the United States and worked to ease the plight of Union soldiers held as prisoners of war in warehouses near her home. During the Civil War she became the most effective Union espionage agent in the capital of the Confederacy. Her courageous patriotism put her life and liberty at risk, and her spy network provided crucial intelligence on the movement of Confederate troops and supplies and other information. In reward, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Van Lew postmaster of Richmond in 1869. The first woman to hold the office, Van Lew served for eight years, during which she played an important leadership role in the state's Republican Party and facilitated the entry of African Americans into politics. <br /><br />Late in her life, Van Lew became the object of scorn. People began to call her "Crazy Bet" and to explain her Unionism and her political activism not as acts of patriotism, but as the consequences of having an unsound mind or as duplicitous hostility to Virginia values. The widely propagated myths distorted her role in the city's social life and devalued her bravery and significant contributions to the war effort. In fact, Van Lew was not mentally deranged nor did she act irrationally in public. She was not “Crazy Bet,” but Miss Van Lew, a respectable, able, and determined patriot.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2001</a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Elizabeth Van Lew
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2001 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
Elizabeth Van Lew oversaw an effective and significant Union spy network during the Civil War.
Government and Law
Military
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1921
Death Date
2002
Occupation
Preservationist
Biographical Text
The strongminded daughter of a Pittsburgh attorney, Elizabeth Anne "Annie" Delp Snyder (September 26, 1921–July 19, 2002) dropped out of law school to join the Marines during World War II. She was among the first women to graduate from the Marine Officer Candidates School and she became a recruiter, attracting other young women to the service. After the war, she and her husband bought a 180-acre farm near Manassas, where they raised Angus cattle. As a commercial airline pilot her husband was often away, leaving Snyder to run the business side of the farm as well as take on much of the physical labor. Little Bull Run ran through their farm, leading to Snyder's lifelong efforts to preserve the neighboring battlefields. Early in the 1970s, she helped prevent Marriott Corporation from building a Great America theme park near her farm. In the 1990s, she successfully opposed Disney's plan for a history theme park west of Manassas. But her activism began even before her fights over preservation and development. During the 1950s, Snyder, a Republican, opposed Massive Resistance and championed civil rights in Virginia. <br /><br />Snyder's most significant fight, dubbed the Third Battle of Bull Run, came in 1988, when she spearheaded the effort to save more than 500 acres of battlefield from development as a shopping mall. Enlisting the aid of national preservation groups, she helped to secure congressional support for legislation to purchase the land and preserve it as part of Manassas National Battlefield Park. As a result of the highly public campaign, Congress created the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission in 1990 to identify the nation's threatened battlefields and recommend ways to preserve them.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2004" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2004</span></a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women.</span>
Birthplace
Manassas
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Elizabeth "Annie" Snyder
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
From her cattle farm in Prince William County, Annie Snyder fought successfully to preserve the land around the Civil War battlefield at Manassas.
Business and Entrepreneurship
Community Leadership and Philanthropy
Military
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Colonization and Settlement
Description
An account of the resource
The colonial era in American history is essential in setting the framework for all the eras to follow. Nearly two centuries of colonization on the continent and in the Caribbean provide three distinct groups to study – indigenous peoples, Africans brought to the colonies and Europeans, both the colonial powers and the generations born on American soil. The varying reasons for departure from Europe set the stage for how different colonies came into being, and interacted with each other. Violent conflicts, importation of disease and dispossession of native lands were all results of Europeans’ interactions with the indigenous populations. The importation of slaves also led to an economic structure in some colonies that became, in their minds, reliant on the continued existence of slave labor.
The role of religion is extremely important during this time period. It was a defining characteristic of some colonies, as opposed to the economic reasons others were established. Ideas of religious freedom, denominationalism and the Great Awakening all impacted daily life in the colonies. Government structure and political life had distinct characteristics in New England, the mid-Atlantic, and the South differed in the ways they groped their way toward mature political institutions. Religion and politics were often influenced by the European nation who colonized the area – French, Spanish, Dutch or English. Economics were affected by geographic location and the local natural resources, adding to regional differences, and sometimes, division.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1607-1763
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1732
Birthplace
New River Valley
Death Date
1815
Occupation
Frontierswoman
Biographical Text
The daughter of recent emigrants from Ireland, Mary Draper moved with her family from Philadelphia to the Virginia frontier in the 1740s. They settled at Draper's Meadow (later Blacksburg), and about 1750 she married William Ingles. On July 30, 1755, Shawnee attacked the settlement, killing several people and taking Mary Ingles, her two sons, and her sister-in-law captive. They were taken to a Shawnee town near what is now Chillicothe, Ohio, where Ingles was forced to sew shirts for the men. During her captivity, her younger son died and her other son was sent to live in another town. In October 1755, Ingles escaped with another female captive and traveled five or six hundred miles, much of it across rugged mountains and valleys. Making the last part of her trip alone and in a canoe that she had discovered, Ingles encountered her husband at a frontier fort. <br /><br />Ingles and her husband moved to the banks of the New River near the site of what became the city of Radford, where in 1762 he received permission from the General Assembly to operate a ferry service. They had three daughters and another son. Following the publication in the nineteenth century of the story of her captivity and escape as she had told it to her youngest son, Mary Draper Ingles became one of the most famous frontierswomen in Virginia.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2004" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2004</span></a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the National Park Service.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mary Draper Ingles
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
Captured by Shawnee Indians in 1755, Mary Draper Ingles escaped and made her way hundreds of miles to return home.
Military
-
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59caec11ba0313f35e2fdf4717f47761
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1939
Birthplace
Prince William County
Occupation
Chief of the United States Army Nurse Corps
Biographical Text
The daughter of sharecroppers, Clara Mae Leach grew up in North Carolina. While attending North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, she joined the Army Student Nurse Program. After graduating in 1961, she was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Army Nurse Corps. She taught at the Medical Training Center at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, where she became the first woman in the army to qualify for the Expert Field Medical Badge. <br /><br />Leach earned an MS in Medical Surgical Nursing from the University of Minnesota, and subsequently taught at Walter Reed Army Institute of Nursing, in Washington, D.C. In 1976, she was the first woman to earn a Master of Military Art and Science from the Army's Command and General Staff College. While overseeing the nursing department at the army hospital in Frankfurt, Germany, she was promoted to the rank of colonel, and there met and married her second husband, Heinz Ender. <br /><br />After attending the U.S. Army War College, Clara Adams-Ender was promoted to brigadier general and made chief of the Army Nurse Corps in 1987. She commanded more than 20,000 nurses and led the Corps through combat operations Just Cause and Desert Storm. In 1991, she was picked to head Fort Belvoir, Virginia, and retired two years later as the first army nurse and the first African American woman to command a major army base. Her many awards include the Distinguished Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster and the Army Commendation Medal. Adams-Ender established and became president and CEO of a management consulting firm called Caring About People With Enthusiasm Associates, Inc., in Prince William County.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2005" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2005</span></a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women.</span>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Clara Leach Adams-Ender
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2005 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
Chief of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps, Clara Adams-Ender was the first African American woman to command a major army base.
Military
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1906
Birthplace
Arlington County
Death Date
1992
Occupation
Computer Scientist and Rear Admiral
Biographical Text
Known as "the first lady of software," "Amazing Grace," and "Grandma COBOL," Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906–January 1, 1992) was a pioneer in computer science. Born in New York City, she received a Ph.D. in mathematics and physics from Yale University in 1934, four years after marrying Vincent Foster Hopper, an educator. During World War II she joined the United States Naval Reserves and was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project at Harvard University, where she programmed the first large-scale computer in the United States. At the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation (later Sperry Rand) she helped design UNIVAC, the first large-scale commercial computer. <br /><br />In 1952 Hopper began writing a computer program for business-oriented tasks. FLOW-MATIC, her 1955 program, became a model for COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language), the first computer language that allowed operators to use words rather than number code in programming. After a moth trapped in a relay shut down a computer, Hopper coined the computer terms "bug" (referring to a problem or glitch) and "debug" (to remove a programming error). In 1985 she became the United States Navy's first female rear admiral. Throughout her career in mathematics, computer technology, and the navy all fields dominated by men Hopper continually had to prove herself. She observed, "If you do something once, people will call it an accident. If you do it twice, they call it a coincidence. But do it a third time and you've just proven a natural law!" Trying to fight what she called human beings' allergy to change, she kept a clock on her wall that ran counterclockwise. <br /><br />Hopper retired to Arlington County, Virginia, in 1986 and became a consultant for Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). She died in 1992 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. A guided missile destroyer, commissioned in 1997, bears her name.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2006" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2006</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia and Virginia Foundation for Women.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the United States Navy's Wesbite
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Grace Brewster Murray Hopper
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
Nicknamed "Grandma COBOL," Grace Brewster Murray Hopper was a pioneer in computer science and the first woman to achieve the rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2006 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Military
Science and Medicine
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1969
Birthplace
Hampden-Sydney
Occupation
College President
Biographical Text
Born in Mount Pleasant, Texas, Christopher Bernard Howard (1969- ) was an active student at Plano Senior High School. At the United States Air Force Academy, Howard was a starting running back, received First Team Academic All-American Honors, and graduated with a bachelor's degree in political science in 1991. Named a Rhodes Scholar, he went on to complete his PhD in politics at Oxford University in England in 1994. <br /><br />A lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force Reserves, Howard serves as a part of a defense attachment to Monrovia, Liberia. He was named Company Grade "Intelligence Officer of the Year" in 2001. While on active duty in 2003, Howard received the Bronze Star for Distinguished Service in Combat in Afghanistan. In 1998 Secretary of Defense William Cohen selected him to serve as an advisor on a trip to Cape Town, South Africa. Howard also earned the Joint Service Commendation Medal and NATO medals for service in Bosnia. <br /><br />Howard has worked for two Fortune 500 companies, including Bristol-Myers-Squibb, where he managed the Secure the Future Initiative, a $100 million effort to combat HIV/AIDS in southern Africa. In 2000, he founded the Impact Young Lives Foundation to provide scholarships and mentorship opportunities to disadvantaged South African youths. In 2003, Howard earned his master of business administration degree with distinction from Harvard Business School. <br /><br />In 2005, Howard became associate vice president for Strategic and Leadership Initiatives at the University of Oklahoma, and was promoted to vice president a year later. In July 2009, Howard took office as president of Hampden-Sydney College, making him the first African American president in the school's 234-year history.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2010" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2010</span></a></span><span> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Christopher Howard
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Christopher Howard
Subject
The topic of the resource
African American Trailblazers
Description
An account of the resource
Christopher Bernard Howard sets an example for Hampden-Sydney students and for everyone through his impressive sum of service to the country and youth-enrichment efforts in Africa and the United States.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010 African American Trailblazers Honoree
Business and Entrepreneurship
Education
Military
-
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e9d2935c1c8776360b1b18455993cc5f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1928
Birthplace
Roanoke and Petersburg
Occupation
Pyschologist, Educator, Elected Official, Artist
Biographical Text
A native of Roanoke, Florence Saunders Farley (1928-2022) earned her bachelor's degree in psychology from Virginia State College (now Virginia State University) in 1950. After completing her degree, she entered the Women's Army Corps, where she became a second lieutenant and the first African American female training officer at Fort Lee, Virginia. In 1955, she married Richard Farley. <br /><br />After leaving the military, Saunders completed her master's degree in psychology at Virginia State, and is believed to be the first clinically licensed African American psychologist in Virginia, and perhaps the first African American to serve as staff psychologist at the Central State Hospital, an institution then serving an all-black clientele. Saunders later became chief psychologist at the institution. <br /><br />In 1962 Farley joined the faculty at Virginia State and served for several years as the chair of the Department of Psychology. She is now retired. Farley completed her PhD at Kent State University in 1977. <br /><br />Farley began her political career in 1973 when she became the first woman elected to the Petersburg City Council and a member of Virginia's first majority black city council. She won reelection in 1978 and 1982. In 1984, after the resignation of Mayor R. Wilson Cheely, Farley became the first female mayor of Petersburg and the first African American woman to become mayor of a Virginia city. <br /><br />Farley has continued to be active in the Petersburg community, serving from 2002 to 2006 on the Petersburg School Board, and for a period holding the post of vice chair. She has also received acclaim as a textile artist, exhibiting her needlework at libraries and museums across the state.<br /><br />UPDATE: Florence Farley died on August 28, 2022.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2010" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2010</span></a></span><span> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Florence Farley.
Death Date
2022
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Florence Farley
Subject
The topic of the resource
African American Trailblazers
Description
An account of the resource
Florence Saunders Farley has fought against racism and bias to open doors in science and politics for African American women in Virginia.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010 African American Trailblazers Honoree
Arts and Literature
Education
Government and Law
Military
Science and Medicine
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birthplace
Prince William County
Occupation
Bronze Star Medal Recipient
Biographical Text
As a high school senior in Woodbridge, Monica Beltran (b. 1985) joined the Virginia National Guard as a way to help fund college tuition costs. She was assigned to the 1710th Transportation Company, but in 2004 she was called up to complete the 1173d Transportation Company when it was deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom. In Iraq she volunteered for gun turret duty, although she had been trained as a truck driver. She worked to overcome the unease that some platoon members voiced regarding her youth and gender. <br /><br />On October 26, 2005, Specialist Beltran was serving as a gunner for a gun truck on a combat logistics patrol. Responsible for providing security for equipment and fifty-five soldiers and contractors being transported to Forward Operating Base Suse, she was on the convoy's right flank. During an enemy attack, Beltran returned maximum suppressive fire while taking heavy fire from multiple rounds of small arms, heavy-caliber machine guns, and rocket-propelled grenades. Despite suffering a wound to her left hand, she continued returning fire to ensure that the rear element of the convoy could pass safely through the mile-long kill zone. For her heroic service in the line of duty under hostile fire and adverse conditions, Beltran was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for Valor on December 30, 2005, the first woman in the Virginia National Guard to receive the honor. <br /><br />Promoted to sergeant in 2006, Beltran remains a member of the Virginia National Guard. <br /><br /><em>Nominated by John W. Listman, Jr., Virginia National Guard Historical Collection, Fort Pickett, Blackstone.</em><br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2012" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2012</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.<br />
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of John W. Listman, Jr., Virginia National Guard and Fort Pickett Museum.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Monica Beltran
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
As a result of her heroic actions while under attack in Iraq, Monica Beltran became the first woman in the Virginia National Guard to receive a Bronze Star Medal for Valor.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2012 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Military
-
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5df4855f49991e8faa241084cfc32418
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1959
Birthplace
Prince George County
Occupation
Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army
Biographical Text
The daughter of a twenty-year Army veteran, Gwen McMillion Bingham joined the branch's Quartermaster Corps after graduating from the University of Alabama in 1981. She served her first tour at Fort Lee, a base outside Petersburg, that same year. Starting as a second lieutenant, Bingham worked her way up the ranks and also acquired two master's degrees. She became a battalion commander at Fort Lee in 2000 and settled in the community with her husband and two children. <br /><br />In 2005 Bingham rose to be the first female garrison commander at Fort Lee, working in the position until 2008, when she became chief of staff to the facility's commanding general. Two years later she assumed command of the U.S. Army Quartermaster School. As the institution's commandant, she oversaw the training of 20,000 soldiers each year in the art of supplying the army's soldiers. On April 22, 2011, Bingham received a promotion to brigadier general. With that breakthrough she became the first female quartermaster general of the army, a position that dates back to 1775. The following year the Department of Defense announced that Bingham would transfer to New Mexico's White Sands Missile Range and serve as its next commanding general.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2013</span></a></span><span> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Fort Lee Cascom.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gwen Bingham
Subject
The topic of the resource
Strong Men and Women in Virginia History
Description
An account of the resource
Brigadier General Gwen Bingham was the first woman to serve as quartermaster general of the United States Army.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree
Military