2 10 69 https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/85b55ff6a504a6b39d62e84525c154b6.jpg dbcd9ab85ddc26baa2eeb9140f65775f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonization and Settlement Description An account of the resource The colonial era in American history is essential in setting the framework for all the eras to follow. Nearly two centuries of colonization on the continent and in the Caribbean provide three distinct groups to study – indigenous peoples, Africans brought to the colonies and Europeans, both the colonial powers and the generations born on American soil. The varying reasons for departure from Europe set the stage for how different colonies came into being, and interacted with each other. Violent conflicts, importation of disease and dispossession of native lands were all results of Europeans’ interactions with the indigenous populations. The importation of slaves also led to an economic structure in some colonies that became, in their minds, reliant on the continued existence of slave labor. The role of religion is extremely important during this time period. It was a defining characteristic of some colonies, as opposed to the economic reasons others were established. Ideas of religious freedom, denominationalism and the Great Awakening all impacted daily life in the colonies. Government structure and political life had distinct characteristics in New England, the mid-Atlantic, and the South differed in the ways they groped their way toward mature political institutions. Religion and politics were often influenced by the European nation who colonized the area – French, Spanish, Dutch or English. Economics were affected by geographic location and the local natural resources, adding to regional differences, and sometimes, division. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1607-1763 Person An individual. Birth Date 1656 Birthplace Middle Peninsula Death Date 1686 Occupation Pamunkey Chief Biographical Text Cockacoeske (also known as Cockacoeweske) was a descendant of Opechancanough, brother of the paramount chief Powhatan. She became leader of the Pamunkey after the death of her husband in 1656. During the summer of 1676 Cockacoeske appeared before a committee of burgesses and Council members at Jamestown and after reminding them that her tribe had earlier lost a hundred men fighting alongside the colonists, she reluctantly agreed to provide a dozen warriors to help defend the colony against frontier tribes. Despite a March 1676 treaty between the Pamunkey and the colony, Nathaniel Bacon and some of his followers attacked them, capturing and killing some of Cockacoeske's people and forcing her to hide in Dragon Swamp. In February 1677 she asked the General Assembly for the release of the captives and the restoration of destroyed property. Cockacoeske was an astute leader and skillful politician. On May 29, 1677, when the Treaty of Middle Plantation was signed, at her request several tribes were reunited under her authority, and she signed the treaty on behalf of all the tribes under her subjection. Cockacoeske was unsuccessful in re-creating the chiefly dominance enjoyed by her people's leaders during the first half of the seventeenth century, but she continued to rule the Pamunkey until her death on an unrecorded date before July 1, 1686. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2004" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2004</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Pepys Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge, Eng. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cockacoeske Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Pamunkey chief Cockacoeske signed the 1677 Treaty of Middle Plantation with the English and reunited several tribes under her authority. Community Leadership and Philanthropy Government and Law https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/b7b4cbfe32f486bfbfb5c210f6737f97.jpg 3fff8853930c5fc8f029fba50ed70352 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1959 Birthplace Nottoway County Occupation Chief Deputy Attorney General of Virginia Biographical Text Growing up in rural Nottoway County, Cynthia E. Hudson learned the importance of hard work and education in her close-knit family. After graduating from Virginia Commonwealth University in 1981, she completed a law degree at the College of William and Mary's Marshall-Wythe School of Law in 1987. She joined the Richmond firm McGuire, Woods, Battle & Boothe (later McGuireWoods), but was drawn to public service and became deputy city attorney for Hampton in 1996. She was appointed Hampton's city attorney in 2006. In December 2013 Virginia's attorney general–elect, Mark R. Herring, selected Hudson as the state's chief deputy attorney general. When she took office in January 2014 she became the first African American woman to hold that post. Hudson manages the day-to-day operations of the attorney general's office in providing legal assistance to state agencies, boards, commissions, and universities. She is especially proud of the work the attorney general's office has done in the areas of marriage equality, affordable higher education, and Chesapeake Bay cleanup efforts. Hudson shares her knowledge of state and local government law with the next generation of attorneys as an adjunct faculty member at William and Mary and the University of Richmond. She was elected president of the Local Government Attorneys of Virginia in 2013. In 2012 Virginia Lawyers Weekly named her one of its Influential Women in Virginia and in 2015 the Virginia Law Foundation named her a Fellow in recognition of her excellence in the law and public service. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Attorney General's Office. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cynthia Eppes Hudson Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource The first African American woman appointed chief deputy attorney general of Virginia, Cynthia E. Hudson is dedicated to using the law to help all Virginians. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Virginia Women in History Honoree Government and Law https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/c39e4e0a3c5314cfce3414230785e4b1.tif 2ceeec6cd2a61b41f0542fa4fbc39a20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1966 Birthplace Harrisonburg Occupation Mayor and Mentor Biographical Text Growing up in Harrisonburg, Deanna Reed was surrounded by women whose examples of community service inspired her to mentor young women of color. When she returned to the city to care for her aging grandmother, Reed worked in the public schools and became involved in several community organizations, including the African-American Culture Festival and the Harrisonburg Women's Service League, of which she has served as president. For more than thirty years she has also been a member of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. In 2009 Reed co-founded Precious Gems Academy, an after-school mentorship program for students from elementary to high school. In 2015 she became program director for the On the Road Collaborative, a local initiative that connects low-income youth with academic support, career enrichment classes, and leadership development to prepare middle- and high-school students for life after graduation. Concerned about school overcrowding, Reed began attending city council meetings and was struck by the fact that there were no female members at the time. After unsuccessfully attempting to recruit a woman to run, she decided to run for office herself, winning election in 2016 with the most votes in the council's history. The first African-American woman elected to Harrisonburg’s city council, she was also the first to be chosen mayor by the council. As mayor, Reed focuses on education and strives to bring together Harrisonburg’s diverse communities. In 2018 Essence named her to its list of Woke 100 Women, which highlights African-American change agents. <div class="element" id="lesson-plan-item-type-metadata-bio-text"> <div class="element-text"> <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2019</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion Energy. </div> </div> Bibliography Image Courtesy of Deanna Reed. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanna Reed Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource The first African-American woman to serve as mayor of Harrisonburg, Deanna Reed also mentors community youth through leadership programs she has established. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Community Leadership and Philanthropy Government and Law https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/ffb9d7e57a522f9145ab2278b84bde5e.jpg ab3474a70feb3f0a2a1da21f7c4e9e60 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Revolution and the New Nation Description An account of the resource The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces. Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1754-1820s Person An individual. Birth Date 1768 Death Date 1849 Birthplace Orange County Occupation First Lady Biographical Text A member of a Quaker family, Dolley Payne Todd Madison (May 20, 1768–July 12, 1849) grew up in Hanover County before her father moved to Philadelphia about 1783. She married a Quaker lawyer, but he and one of their two sons died in the yellow fever epidemic of 1793. The following year she married James Madison, a member of the House of Representatives from Virginia, and they later settled at Montpelier, his plantation in Orange County. They moved to the new capital city of Washington, D.C., where Dolley Madison became a well-known and popular hostess while her husband served as Secretary of State (1801–1809) and afterward as the fourth president of the United States (1809–1817). As First Lady, Madison established highly popular weekly receptions and served as a political partner to her husband, supporting his agenda and reaching out to his opponents when necessary. During the War of 1812, she delayed leaving the White House in order to secure papers and other valuables, including (by her account) the portrait of George Washington, from the British forces threatening the city. After James Madison retired to Montpelier, she assisted him in organizing and preparing his papers for publication, including those of the Constitutional Convention of 1787. She was devoted to her husband and rarely left Montpelier until after his death, when she returned to Washington, D.C., in December 1843. Although an impoverished widow, Dolley Madison continued her active role in society and was mourned by congressmen, Supreme Court justices, and the president at her funeral in 1849. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2000</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Richmond Times-Dispatch. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dolley Madison Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource A quintessential hostess, Dolley Madison was at the center of the national political scene for many years and defined the role of First Lady in the 19th century. Government and Law https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/f3da35820a5f73ed992ff57c2828c480.jpg 0c3b9cc26737f572cc508945420a7d70 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1906 Birthplace Fairfax County Death Date 1994 Occupation Legislator Biographical Text Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid (October 22, 1906–June 8, 1994) represented parts of Fairfax County in the House of Delegates from 1960 to 1962, from 1964 to 1970, and from 1972 to 1989. A Texas native, she grew up around Washington, D.C., earned a B.S. at Swarthmore College, and became a teacher in Northern Virginia. In 1959 she ran for a seat in the General Assembly, hoping to keep the public schools open when the Democratic Party's leadership had adopted a policy of Massive Resistance to court-ordered school desegregation, and the governor had actually closed some schools rather than let them be desegregated. McDiarmid was a champion of public schools and also promoted legislation to improve services for children and women, including adding kindergarten to the public school schedule. An able and highly respected legislator, McDiarmid was one of the most influential women ever elected to the House of Delegates and the first woman to serve on its powerful Committee on Rules. From 1986 until she retired, McDiarmid chaired the House Committee on Appropriations, the first woman to preside over the committee that produced the state's budget. McDiarmid was also a determined advocate for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Submitted to the states by Congress in 1972, it was never approved by the General Assembly. After retiring from the assembly in 1989, she continued to work on issues that were important to her and served as vice chair of the Governor's Commission on Educational Opportunity for All Virginians. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2015" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2015</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of The Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dorothy Shomeaker McDiarmid Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource As a member of the House of Delegates for more than twenty years, Dorothy S. McDiarmid championed the rights of women and children through legislation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Virginia Women in History Honoree Education Government and Law https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/1a4dcf35c7e63c1573a0ef6cf7b44bf1.jpg 742eb8d6de3c7931e50d2d5f0d1731cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1872 Birthplace Wytheville Death Date 1961 Occupation First Lady Biographical Text Born in Wytheville, Edith Bolling (October 15, 1872–December 28, 1961) traced her ancestry to Pocahontas and Thomas Jefferson. She attended Martha Washington College, in Abingdon, and then the Richmond Female Seminary. In 1896, she married Norman Galt, the owner of a jewelry store in Washington, D.C. After Galt died, she oversaw the business until the 1930s. In 1915, Edith Galt met the recently widowed President Woodrow Wilson, whom she married after a brief courtship. Her social role as First Lady was overshadowed by the war in Europe, and Edith Wilson embraced food and gasoline conservation at the White House and kept sheep to maintain the lawn. She donated the proceeds of the sale of the wool to the Red Cross, for which she also volunteered. After the war, she accompanied her husband to France, visiting hospitals and troops. She also attended the peace conference where Wilson presented his plan for the League of Nations. When the president suffered a debilitating stroke in 1919, Edith Wilson concealed the severity of his illness from his cabinet and the public and began what she called her "stewardship" of her husband's duties. For several months, she screened matters of state brought to his attention, controlled access to him by government officials, and reported his decisions, which led to later references to her as the "secret president." Edith Wilson remained in Washington after her husband's death in 1924, managing his legacy. One of her last public appearances was at the 1961 inauguration of John F. Kennedy. The Wilsons are interred at the Washington National Cathedral. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2001</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of International Newsreel. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edith Bolling Galt Wilson Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource As First Lady of the United States, Edith Wilson was Woodrow Wilson's trusted confidant. Government and Law https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/7d754e91a6ee39d99f4e1a1e627e6c63.jpg e4ea9e7fc67aa31dc6ab85b19aedb46a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Revolution and the New Nation Description An account of the resource The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces. Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1754-1820s Person An individual. Birth Date 1754 Birthplace Southampton County Death Date 1838 Occupation Nottoway (Cheroenhaka) Chief Biographical Text In 1821 Edith Turner (ca. 1754–February or March 1838), also known as Edy Turner (or by her Nottoway personal name, Wané Roonseraw), petitioned the Virginia General Assembly as chief of the Nottoway (Cheroenhaka). Turner had taken part in land transactions since 1794, but as chief she led a push to divide the reservation's land among the individual Indians, perhaps in an attempt to convince more Nottoway to adopt white farming practices. Early in the nineteenth century most of the Indians on the Nottoway reservation refused to participate in intensive farming. Forced to sell reservation land to pay debts, the Nottoway saw their landholdings decrease, making their traditional ways of life increasingly difficult. Turner transcended these problems to own a farm, where she prospered. Turner's level of self-sufficiency was considerable for a woman in her time and place, but her compassion for the Nottoway children makes her an outstanding figure. Records from 1808 show her acting as foster mother for two Nottoway children, and she successfully urged the white trustees of the tribe to return four other Indian children to the reservation. At age seventy-six she still looked after at least two children in her home. Turner most likely led the struggle to keep tribal children from being schooled or apprenticed off the reservation. As one of the last speakers of the Nottoway language and with a knowledge of their legends, Turner instructed the children in the traditions of the tribe as well as in how to survive in white-controlled society. In 1820 she provided surveyor John Wood with a Nottoway vocabulary, allowing scholars a peek at the Iroquoian language. The only Nottoway of her time to write a will, Turner died in Southampton County in 1838 at about eighty-four years of age. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2008" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2008</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edith Turner (Wané Roonseraw) Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Edith Turner, chief of the Nottoway, successfully navigated nineteenth-century Nottoway and Anglo-American societies while she strove to keep the tribe’s children on the reservation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 Virginia Women in History Honoree Community Leadership and Philanthropy Government and Law https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/12d1256ae7fd15f118e419a9bb70f537.jpg 03507fde601bfdbd41cf97e1d5873872 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1934 Birthplace Norfolk Occupation Civic Leader Biographical Text Edythe Colton Harrison was born in Detroit, Michigan, on September 17, 1934. Her mother, a concert pianist, and her father, an opera devotee, instilled in her a love of music. Following her marriage to Stanley L. Harrison, a real estate executive, she moved in 1957 to Norfolk, where she raised two daughters and a son. Harrison became active in the arts community and in numerous civic causes, including advocacy for day care to aid working mothers, membership in the National Conference on Christians and Jews, and support for women's reproductive rights and the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. From 1980 to 1982 she served in the House of Delegates. In 1984 Harrison won the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate but lost in a Republican landslide. She taught a class entitled Women in Leadership at Old Dominion University. A formidable leader who described herself as a professional volunteer, Harrison was the principal founder in 1974 of the Virginia Opera Association, which rapidly grew into a well-recognized regional company that stages four operas each performance season in Norfolk, Richmond, and Fairfax County. She directed the campaign to raise $10 million to convert an old Norfolk auditorium into a modern opera house that opened in 1993 and was named the Edythe C. and Stanley L. Harrison Opera House. In 1979 President Jimmy Carter appointed Harrison to the Advisory Committee on the Arts at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, in Washington, D.C. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2010" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2010</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edythe C. Harrison Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Edythe C. Harrison's love of music led her to help found the Virginia Opera Association. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature Government and Law https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/88146fbd90c9077d35aea9f744efb252.jpg 4fd6c931da6dc4fb0e64d945b79b4621 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1891 Birthplace Arlington County Death Date 1976 Occupation Attorney Biographical Text A New Jersey native, Eleanor Bontecou (February 14, 1891–March 19, 1976) studied law at Harvard University under Felix Frankfurter and received a Ph.D. in 1928 from the Robert Brookings Graduate School of Economics and Government (later the Brookings Institution). A promising start as a law professor at the University of Chicago was cut short when she contracted encephalitis lethargica (sleeping sickness). Bontecou spent most of the 1930s bedridden and disabled. She never fully recovered her health and exhibited impaired balance and a slight tremor in her hands for the rest of her life. Bontecou provided legal advice to the Southern Conference for Human Welfare in its campaign to abolish the poll tax and also worked with Ralph Bunche on a survey of southern suffrage for the New School for Social Research and the Carnegie Foundation Study of the Negro in America. In 1943 Bontecou became one of the first seven attorneys in the new Civil Rights Section of the Criminal Division at the United States Department of Justice, where she earned a reputation as the most able attorney on issues of race and in cases of discrimination against Japanese Americans. She completed a study of the way the United States and the allied nations had treated conscientious objectors during World War I and recommended solutions to conscientious objector problems in World War II. Transferred to the War Department in 1946, she helped prepare for the prosecution of major war criminals in the Pacific theater and the following year went to Nuremberg to inspect and report on war crimes activities in Germany. In retirement in the 1950s, Bontecou devoted her legal expertise and energy to victims of McCarthy-era hysteria by counseling, and in some cases raising money for, federal government employees charged with subversion. A law professorship at Seton Hall University bears her name. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2011" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2011</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Harry S. Truman Library. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Eleanor Bontecou Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Eleanor Bontecou overcame debilitating illness to combat discrimination against Japanese Americans during World War II, study the treatment of conscientious objectors, and counsel federal government employees accused of subversive activities. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Virginia Women in History Honoree Government and Law https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/0b14ace837a1a79d4f05f614126c07c1.jpg 97f738fd1f22a887732a8dc5987d7c34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1952 Birthplace Virginia Beach Occupation Banker Recipient of the VABPW Foundation Business Leadership Award Biographical Text Portsmouth native Elizabeth Duke majored in dramatic arts at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, but when she needed a job after graduation she began working as a part-time bank teller. As she gained experience, Duke took on more responsibilities and eventually became chief financial officer of the Bank of Virginia Beach. While working, she also earned an MBA at Old Dominion University in 1983. Two years later she helped establish the new Bank of Tidewater, becoming its president in 1987 and chief executive officer in 1991. She was named chief operating officer of TowneBank in 2005. Duke has taught bank management at banking schools around the country and is active in banking associations. From 1998 to 2000 she sat on the board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. In 1999, the Virginia Bankers Association elected her the organization's first female president. Duke achieved another first in 2004 when she became the first woman to chair the American Bankers Association. President George W. Bush nominated Duke to fill an unexpired seat on the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in May 2007 and she took her oath of office in August 2008. During the subsequent economic crisis, she focused on issues related to housing and mortgage markets, foreclosures, and neighborhood stability, working to balance new regulations and continued access to homeownership. She also promoted community banks as vital contributors to the nation's banking system. Her term ended in 2012, although Duke continued to serve through August 2013. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2014" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2014</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Elizabeth Duke Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elizabeth Ashburn Duke Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource As a member of the Federal Reserve's Board of Governors, banker Elizabeth Duke helped implement the Federal Reserve System's response to the financial panic of 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Virginia Women in History Honoree Business and Entrepreneurship Government and Law