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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Emergence of Modern America
Description
An account of the resource
The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans.
With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1890-1930
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1864
Birthplace
Richmond
Death Date
1934
Occupation
Enterpreneur and Civil Rights Leader
Biographical Text
An astute businesswoman, Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker (July 15, 1864–December 15, 1934) was also a tireless advocate for civil rights. Born in Richmond, Maggie Mitchell graduated from the Richmond Colored Normal School and became a teacher. On September 14, 1886, she married Armstead Walker Jr., with whom she had three children. By 1904 they were living in Richmond's Jackson Ward, a vibrant African American neighborhood. <br /><br />Maggie Walker joined the Independent Order of Saint Luke, an African American fraternal organization, in 1881. She rose through the ranks and became Grand Secretary and steered the Order to fiscal security. In 1901 she declared her intention to expand the Order's services to its members to include a bank, a newspaper, and a department store. The Saint Luke Penny Savings Bank opened in November 1903 with Walker as its president, making her the first African American woman to establish and be president of a bank. <br /><br />A voice for civil rights, Walker helped to organize a protest in 1904 against the Virginia Passenger and Power Company's policy of segregated seating on Richmond's streetcars. She advocated voting rights for women, arguing that equal pay for their work would not become reality until "women force Capital to hear them at the ballot box." When the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteeing woman suffrage was ratified, she and community activist Ora Brown Stokes organized a successful voter registration drive in Richmond. In 1921 she sought election as superintendent of public instruction on the "Lily Black" Republican ticket that featured <em>Richmond Planet</em> editor John Mitchell Jr., as the gubernatorial candidate. Maggie Lena Walker died in 1934 at her home, which is now a National Historic Site owned and operated by the National Park Service.<br /><br /><br /><span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2000</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International, and featured as one of the Library's <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2020</a></span> Virginia Women in History suffrage activists as part of the Library's 19th Amendment Centennial </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/wedemand/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exhibition</a></span><span>, </span><em>We Demand: Women's Suffrage in Virginia</em><span>.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of The Valentine, Richmond.
Audio clip: excerpt of Maggie Walker's July 14, 1912, speech to the Negro Young People's Christian and Educational Congress (Maggie Walker National Historic Site), read by Library of Virginia staff.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Maggie Lena Walker
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
Businesswoman and community activist Maggie Walker was the first African American woman to charter and serve as president of a bank.
Business and Entrepreneurship
Civil Rights and Reform
Community Leadership and Philanthropy
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Revolution and the New Nation
Description
An account of the resource
The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces.
Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1754-1820s
Person
An individual.
Birthplace
Williamsburg
Death Date
1774
Occupation
Printer
Biographical Text
Clementina Rind (d. September 25, 1774) exemplifies colonial businesswomen as the first female printer in Virginia. She may have been born about 1740 and might have arrived in Maryland in the 1750s. The date when she married printer William Rind there is unknown. The couple settled in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1765, and William Rind began publishing the <em>Virginia Gazette</em> on May 16, 1766. When he died in August 1773, Clementina Rind continued publishing the newspaper without missing an issue. She maintained the <em>Virginia Gazette</em> as a nonpartisan newspaper that, in addition to political news, contained a wide range of articles that indicated a special interest in science, philanthropy, and education. She appealed to her female readers by including poems and letters of advice. <br /><br />Rind petitioned the General Assembly to be appointed the colony's public printer, and in May 1774 she was elected by a two-to-one margin over two male printers. In 1774 her shop printed <em>A Summary View of the Rights of British America</em>, Thomas Jefferson's thoughts on the excesses of the British Parliament and King George III. The mother of five children, Clementina Rind died in 1774 and was buried probably next to her husband in Bruton Parish Church graveyard.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2000" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2000</span></a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Clementina Rind
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
Clementina Rind was the first female printer in colonial Virginia.
Business and Entrepreneurship
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Colonization and Settlement
Description
An account of the resource
The colonial era in American history is essential in setting the framework for all the eras to follow. Nearly two centuries of colonization on the continent and in the Caribbean provide three distinct groups to study – indigenous peoples, Africans brought to the colonies and Europeans, both the colonial powers and the generations born on American soil. The varying reasons for departure from Europe set the stage for how different colonies came into being, and interacted with each other. Violent conflicts, importation of disease and dispossession of native lands were all results of Europeans’ interactions with the indigenous populations. The importation of slaves also led to an economic structure in some colonies that became, in their minds, reliant on the continued existence of slave labor.
The role of religion is extremely important during this time period. It was a defining characteristic of some colonies, as opposed to the economic reasons others were established. Ideas of religious freedom, denominationalism and the Great Awakening all impacted daily life in the colonies. Government structure and political life had distinct characteristics in New England, the mid-Atlantic, and the South differed in the ways they groped their way toward mature political institutions. Religion and politics were often influenced by the European nation who colonized the area – French, Spanish, Dutch or English. Economics were affected by geographic location and the local natural resources, adding to regional differences, and sometimes, division.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1607-1763
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
Circa 1601
Birthplace
Stafford County
Death Date
1671
Occupation
Planter
Biographical Text
A member of an English Catholic family, Margaret Brent (ca. 1601–by 19 May 1671) arrived in Maryland in 1638 with her sister and two brothers. They secured land grants and became influential residents of the new colony. Margaret Brent acquired land in her own right and often lent money to male planters. She also appeared in the local courts as an attorney-in-fact on behalf of her siblings and other colonists. She and Leonard Calvert, the colony's governor, served as guardians of Mary Kittamaquund, the daughter of the Piscataway chief who had been sent to the colonists for an education. When Calvert died in 1647, Brent was named executor of his estate and acted to resolve financial and administrative issues in the colony. While holding his power of attorney, she unsuccessfully requested that she be granted the right to vote in the Maryland assembly.
With the Protestants in power in England and experiencing conflicts with Maryland's proprietor over Calvert's estate, Margaret Brent and her family moved to Virginia about 1650. She lived with her brother and sister near Aquia, in the part of Northumberland County that in 1653 became Westmoreland County and in 1664 Stafford County. Brent continued to acquire thousands of acres, including the land where the city of Alexandria and part of Fredericksburg are located, and she paid for the transport of more than thirty immigrants to Virginia. Despite the colony's anti-Catholic laws, the Brents were not actively persecuted for their religion and provided a refuge for other Catholic settlers in Virginia. Margaret Brent spent the remainder of her life at her plantation known as Peace. In 2003 Stafford County's school board named a new elementary school in her honor.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of University of Mary Washington Division of Teaching and Learning Technologies Flickr Account.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Margaret Brent
Description
An account of the resource
A prominent Catholic in the Maryland colony, Margaret Brent later settled in Virginia where she and her siblings acquired extensive property and provided a refuge for Catholic colonists.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Business and Entrepreneurship
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Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1949
Occupation
Native American Advocate and Business Developer
Biographical Text
A native of Akron, Ohio, Rebecca L. Adamson spent the summers in North Carolina with her maternal grandmother who fostered in her a love of her Cherokee heritage. She also learned about the difficult conditions Native Americans faced living on reservations, which shaped her life's mission. She left college in 1970 to work on western reservations and directed efforts to end the practice of removing Indian children from their homes and placing them in government or missionary boarding schools where they were severed from their tribal language and cultural knowledge. Her work contributed to the 1975 act for Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance that allowed Native Americans to administer funds for their own reservation schools. <br /><br />Recognizing that education meant little without financial self-sufficiency, Adamson sought funding to support Native American economic development. In 1980 she established the First Nations Financial Project (later the First Nations Development Institute) in Fredericksburg, Virginia, to work directly with Native American communities in achieving economic empowerment within the context of their culture. First Nations established the Lakota Fund, one of the country's earliest microenterprise loan funds, to counteract poverty at the Pine Ridge Reservation, in South Dakota. After building First Nations into the leading Native American community development organization in the country, in 1997 <br /><br />Adamson founded First Peoples Worldwide to promote indigenous economic determination and strengthen indigenous communities across the globe. Adamson earned an M.S. in economic development at New Hampshire College (later Southern New Hampshire University), and in 2004 Dartmouth College awarded her an honorary doctorate. She has received numerous awards for her transformative work on behalf of indigenous peoples, including the John W. Gardener Leadership Award in 2001.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2002" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2002</span></a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International.</span>
Birthplace
Fredericksburg
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of First Nations Development Institute.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Rebecca Adamson
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
As the founder and president of the First Nations Development Institute and First Peoples Worldwide, Rebecca L. Adamson strives to empower Native peoples to achieve economic independence.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Business and Entrepreneurship
Community Leadership and Philanthropy
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Revolution and the New Nation
Description
An account of the resource
The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces.
Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1754-1820s
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1728
Birthplace
Westmoreland County
Death Date
1782
Occupation
Planter
Biographical Text
A member of one of Virginia's most prominent families, Hannah Lee (February 6, 1728–by October 7, 1782) grew up at Stratford Hall, in Westmoreland County. She was educated by private tutors alongside her brothers, who included Francis Lightfoot Lee and Richard Henry Lee, two signers of the Declaration of Independence. She married Gawin Corbin about 1747 and had one daughter. Named the executor of her husband's estate, Hannah Corbin managed Peckatone plantation and profited as a tobacco planter. <br /><br />In the 1760s, Corbin embraced Virginia's Baptist religious revival that challenged the authority of the Church of England. She lived with a Baptist physician named Richard Lingan Hall at Peckatone, though they were forbidden to marry outside the Anglican Church and according to the terms of her husband's will. After Corbin's daughter took possession of Peckatone at age twenty-one, Corbin and Hall moved to her Richmond County estate, where they had two children, and where Hall died in 1774. <br /><br />During the American Revolution, Corbin applied the rhetoric of no taxation without representation to propertied widows who were taxed without their consent because they lacked the right to vote. She expressed her views privately to her family, but never publicly decried women's disfranchisement. She also never challenged the institution of marriage or created separate estates to preserve her daughters' property rights after they married. Despite her conservative choices, Corbin's legacy remains an example of ways in which eighteenth-century women could thrive independently and assert their rights.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2002</a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Hannah Lee Corbin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
At the time of the American Revolution, Hannah Lee Corbin believed that female property owners were unfairly taxed because they could not vote.
Business and Entrepreneurship
-
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1921
Death Date
2002
Occupation
Preservationist
Biographical Text
The strongminded daughter of a Pittsburgh attorney, Elizabeth Anne "Annie" Delp Snyder (September 26, 1921–July 19, 2002) dropped out of law school to join the Marines during World War II. She was among the first women to graduate from the Marine Officer Candidates School and she became a recruiter, attracting other young women to the service. After the war, she and her husband bought a 180-acre farm near Manassas, where they raised Angus cattle. As a commercial airline pilot her husband was often away, leaving Snyder to run the business side of the farm as well as take on much of the physical labor. Little Bull Run ran through their farm, leading to Snyder's lifelong efforts to preserve the neighboring battlefields. Early in the 1970s, she helped prevent Marriott Corporation from building a Great America theme park near her farm. In the 1990s, she successfully opposed Disney's plan for a history theme park west of Manassas. But her activism began even before her fights over preservation and development. During the 1950s, Snyder, a Republican, opposed Massive Resistance and championed civil rights in Virginia. <br /><br />Snyder's most significant fight, dubbed the Third Battle of Bull Run, came in 1988, when she spearheaded the effort to save more than 500 acres of battlefield from development as a shopping mall. Enlisting the aid of national preservation groups, she helped to secure congressional support for legislation to purchase the land and preserve it as part of Manassas National Battlefield Park. As a result of the highly public campaign, Congress created the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission in 1990 to identify the nation's threatened battlefields and recommend ways to preserve them.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2004" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2004</span></a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women.</span>
Birthplace
Manassas
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Elizabeth "Annie" Snyder
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
From her cattle farm in Prince William County, Annie Snyder fought successfully to preserve the land around the Civil War battlefield at Manassas.
Business and Entrepreneurship
Community Leadership and Philanthropy
Military
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Revolution and the New Nation
Description
An account of the resource
The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces.
Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1754-1820s
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1702
Death Date
1788
Birthplace
Accomack County
Occupation
Planter
Biographical Text
Ann Makemie Blair King Holden (d. by January 29, 1788) was the younger daughter of Francis Makemie, one of the earliest Presbyterian ministers in Virginia. She was born in Accomack County during the first decade of the 1700s and inherited her father's property along Matchatank Creek after his death in 1708. She subsequently inherited additional land and enslaved laborers from her first two husbands, merchant Thomas Blair and Maryland planter Robert King. The wealthy widow married Accomack County Court clerk George Holden by the middle of the 1760s, but did not marry again after he died about December 1773. <br /><br />Ann Holden successfully managed her extensive landholdings, where her more than fifty enslaved laborers raised wheat, flax, corn, and tobacco in addition to sheep, pigs, and cattle. During the American Revolution she supplied Continental and Virginia troops with corn and beef. As a woman she was unable to vote, but she sought to preserve the ideals of the new Republic and in June 1787 she deeded property to four of her male relatives with the caveat that they each vote "for the most Wise and Discreet men who have Proved themselves real Friends to the American Independence" to represent Accomack County. When she wrote her will five months later she provided for family members with bequests of property and slaves, specified £50 to the "Good poor of my Neighborhood" and £100 to a nearby church, emancipated one of her slaves, and requested her heirs to care for those of her slaves who were elderly and "past their Labour."<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2004" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2004</span></a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women.</span>
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Title
A name given to the resource
Ann Makemie Holden
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
At a time when women had few rights, Ann Makemie Holden managed her large plantation on the Eastern Shore and strove to uphold the ideals of the American Revolution.
Business and Entrepreneurship
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Title
A name given to the resource
Contemporary United States
Description
An account of the resource
This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.
Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today.
Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-Present
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1961
Birthplace
Haymarket
Occupation
Media Executive and Olympic Gold Medalist
Biographical Text
The second woman and the first African-American to win an Olympic gold medal in the 100-meter hurdles, Benita Fitzgerald Mosley is today a highly visible telecommunications executive. Born in Warrenton, she grew up in nearby Dale City, where at an early age she began to excel in both sports and academics. Her accomplishments in track and field competitions won her induction into the Virginia High School Hall of Fame and a full athletic scholarship to the University of Tennessee, where she earned a B.S. in industrial engineering. While at Tennessee, she was a fifteen-time All-American and won four National Collegiate Athletic Association titles, including three 100- meter hurdles outdoor championships. Moseley qualified as a member of the 1980 and the 1984 U.S. Olympic Teams and won her history-making gold medal at the 1984 Los Angeles games. Mosley has been inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and the University of Tennessee's Lady Volunteers Hall of Fame. <br /><br />Early in the 1990s Mosley turned from competition to sports marketing and administration. She served as a regional director for Special Olympics International in Washington, D.C., as program director for the marketing division of the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games, and as director located in Colorado of the four Olympic training centers in the United States. She has been president of the board of the Women's Sports Foundation and is a staunch advocate for expanding opportunities for young women in sports and fitness education. In 2001 the nonprofit Women in Cable and Telecommunications, a 4,500-member association based in Chantilly, Virginia, appointed Mosley as its president and chief operating officer. In 2004 <em>Television Week Magazine</em> named her Cable Television Executive of the Year.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2006" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2006</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia and Virginia Foundation for Women.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Women in Cable
and Telecommunications
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Benita Fitzgerald Mosley
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
A track star and Olympic champion, Benita Fitzgerald Mosley serves as president and CEO of Women in Cable and Telecommunications and works to expand opportunities for young women in sports.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2006 Virginia Women in History
Business and Entrepreneurship
Sports and Media
-
https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/458f8952871d4d7626a6bd8531172c70.jpg
bc92f9463066fa000a09b2de508450db
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Emergence of Modern America
Description
An account of the resource
The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans.
With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1890-1930
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1890
Birthplace
Richmond
Death Date
1946
Occupation
Business Executive
Biographical Text
A prominent business executive herself, John-Geline MacDonald Bowman (March 30, 1890–April 14, 1946) helped establish business and professional organizations for Virginia women. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia. After the death of her father, she and her mother moved to Richmond. In 1913 she married a Richmond businessman, Jacob Killian Bowman. Educated at the Academy of the Holy Cross, in Washington, D.C., she helped found the Virginia Bureau of Vocations for Women in 1914 and was a founder of the Business Women's Club of Richmond. In 1923, the year before she gave birth to twins, Bowman purchased the Expert Letter Writing Company, which produced advertising products to attract female customers to banks and other businesses. She owned and managed the company for the rest of her life and made it one of the largest such companies in the South. <br /><br />In 1919 Bowman was a founding member and from 1920 to 1923 president of the Virginia Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, and she served as president of the Richmond affiliate from 1926 to 1928. In 1931 and 1933 she was elected president of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs. During the Great Depression she used her position as federation president to oppose a plan to restrict employment of married women by the federal government. Bowman was also a member of the Southern Woman's Educational Alliance and supported increased opportunities for young women to obtain advanced education at William and Mary and other public colleges and universities. A talented public speaker, she took part during both World Wars in campaigns to sell war bonds, and during the 1930s she campaigned for the Democratic Party. Her daughter, Geline Bowman Williams, served as mayor of Richmond from 1988 to 1990.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2006" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2006</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia and Virginia Foundation for Women.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Richmond Times-Dispatch
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
John-Geline MacDonald Bowman
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
John-Geline MacDonald Bowman helped establish business and professional organizations for Virginia women and served as president of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2006 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Business and Entrepreneurship
-
https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/files/original/13f4b7486ba89e91648e2ecc0afad029.jpg
8d67daf62263e71f3afab6e1cf4b205d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Emergence of Modern America
Description
An account of the resource
The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans.
With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1890-1930
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1868
Birthplace
Smyth County
Death Date
1940
Occupation
Entrepreneur and Lutheran Lay Leader
Biographical Text
A confidante and mother-in-law of the writer Sherwood Anderson, Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver (August 29, 1868-December 18, 1940) continued a family tradition of service to the Lutheran Church. She wrote fiction, poetry, and dozens of church pageants, many in collaboration with her younger sister, Katharine Killinger Scherer Cronk. One of Copenhaver's poems, "Heralds of Christ", became a well-known hymn. Her advocacy inspired the Women's Missionary Society to establish the Konnarock Training School to provide elementary-level academic and religious education for Smyth County children who did not have access to other public schools. <br /><br />As director of information for the Marion-based Virginia Farm Bureau Federation, Copenhaver advanced strategies for developing southwestern Virginia's agricultural economy. She emphasized the importance of cooperative marketing of farm products in order to improve the standard of living for farm families. <br /><br />Copenhaver practiced such cooperative strategies herself by coordinating the production of textiles out of her home, Rosemont. She hired women to produce coverlets based on traditional patterns and using local wool. Rosemont Industries expanded its offerings to include a wide variety of rugs, bed canopies and fringes, and other household items, some woven, knitted, or crocheted by hand and others manufactured by machine. Rosemont's popular textiles attracted customers from throughout the United States and from Asia, Europe, and South America. <br /><br />After Copenhaver's death, her sister Minerva May Scherer, longtime dean of Marion College, headed Rosemont Industries for two decades. In 1960 some of Copenhaver's children incorporated the business as Laura Copenhaver Industries, Inc., which continues to manufacture traditional textiles.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2007" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2007</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Copenhaver Family.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
As founder of Rosemont Industries and as a Lutheran lay leader, Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver advocated strategies for improving educational and economic opportunities in southwestern Virginia.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2007 Virginia Women in History
Business and Entrepreneurship
Religion