1
10
18
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1885
Birthplace
Roanoke
Death Date
1979
Occupation
Labor Leader
Biographical Text
The son of a Montgomery County farmer, Samuel Harris Clark (April 11, 1885−June 25, 1979) attended the local segregated schools before going to work on the railroad about 1904. He was hired as a brakeman by the Norfolk and Western Railway Company in 1913 and worked at the Roanoke yard for more than fifty years. Clark joined the Association of Colored Railway Trainmen and Locomotive Firemen and by the 1930s was president of its local union in Roanoke. <br /><br />Elected in July 1939 as national president of the association, which later changed its name to the Association of Railway Trainmen and Locomotive Firemen (ART&LF), Clark transformed it from a primarily fraternal association to a union focused on improving the working conditions of African Americans. Despite having only about 1,000 members, the ART&LF joined lawsuits and even funded their own cases to fight discriminatory practices by railroad companies and unions that represented only white trainmen. Following Clark's 1943 testimony about Norfolk and Western's refusal to hire and promote African-American locomotive firemen and trainmen, the national Committee on Fair Employment Practices called for the company and the unions to cease their discrimination, although little changed. Similarly, Supreme Court rulings that upheld the rights of Black railroad employees in two 1944 cases that Clark's union helped instigate did not lead to immediate improvements because the decisions were not enforced. <br /><br />Clark retired from the railroad in 1955 and the union in 1958. He served as president of the Montgomery County NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), where he emphasized the importance of voter registration. The local NAACP continues to offer scholarships in Clark's memory.<br /><br /><span><br /><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2022">2022</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion Energy.<br /></span>
Bibliography
Photograph courtesy of Donald Shovely.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Samuel H. Clark
Subject
The topic of the resource
Strong Men and Women in Virginia History
Description
An account of the resource
As a union president from the 1930s to the 1950s, Samuel H. Clark fought for the rights of African-American railroad workers.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2022 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree
Civil Rights and Reform
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1907
Birthplace
Wise County
Death Date
1975
Occupation
Musician and Folk Song Collector
Biographical Text
Wise County native Katherine O'Neill Peters Sturgill (March 3, 1907–June 19, 1975) began playing the parlor organ and singing Irish tunes for her father as a child. Known as Kate, she had a lifelong interest in mountain tunes. After her marriage to Sidney Peters, she formed the Lonesome Pine Trailers in 1927. The band performed a mixture of sacred songs, folk tunes, and instrumental dance tunes. She later began writing original compositions. <br /><br />During the Great Depression, Peters put her skills to work through the Works Progress Administration, which funded the construction of a cabin near the town of Norton to serve as a community recreational facility. There, she and her sister taught handcrafts, music, and dance, and put on plays. The sisters also provided lunch for undernourished students at the nearby school. During this time she met a WPA folk song collector who recorded her in 1939. She also collected folk songs, sometimes assisting her mother's relation A.P. Carter, of the legendary Carter Family musical group. As part of the Cumberland Valley Girls in the 1940s, Peters performed on the WNVA radio station in Norton and recorded with Folk-Star Records in Tennessee. In her later years, after her first husband died and she married former coal miner Archie Sturgill, she became well known as a local funeral singer. <br /><br />Kate Sturgill's rich legacy lives on through her recordings at the Library of Congress's American Folklife Center, as well as the Country Cabin II, a venue on the Crooked Road music trail that traces its ancestry to the WPA cabin, and the annual Dock Boggs and Kate Peters Sturgill Festival.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2019</a></span><span> </span><span>Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Blue Ridge Institute and Museum.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kate Peters Sturgill
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women in History
Description
An account of the resource
Ballad singer and songwriter Kate Peters Sturgill preserved the music of her Appalachian region through her recordings and collection of folk songs.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Arts and Literature
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1881
Birthplace
Martinsville
Death Date
1972
Occupation
Physician and Entrepreneur
Biographical Text
For many years, Dana Olden Baldwin (March 20, 1881–November 9, 1972) was Martinsville’s only African-American physician. Bright and hardworking, he graduated from high school in North Carolina at age 16 and, after teaching school and working on a farm, earned his medical degree from Leonard Medical College of Shaw University in 1910. Licensed by the Virginia State Board of Medical Examiners that year, he established his practice in Martinsville. Baldwin volunteered for the Army Medical Reserve Corps when the United States entered World War I and was commissioned a first lieutenant, serving in France with the 317th Sanitary Train of the 92d Division. <br /><br />Baldwin returned home after his honorable discharge in 1919 and acquired property around his medical practice to spur economic development within Martinsville’s African-American community. He established several businesses, including brick-making and garment factories. He also opened Saint Mary’s Hospital, where he treated anyone who needed medical attention. “Baldwin’s Block,” with its restaurants, hotel, barber shop, beauty parlor, dental practice, pharmacy, and theater, became the social and commercial hub for African Americans in the vicinity of Martinsville. Baldwin also operated the nearby Sandy Beach Resort and created the June German Ball, an annual social event and dance that hosted noted African-American entertainers, including Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Chuck Berry. Although “Baldwin’s Block” no longer stands, the city established the Dr. Dana O. Baldwin Memorial Park to honor his legacy.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2018</a></span><span> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion Energy.<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBxtyzBsB7Q" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a></span> Doris Cole's speech on behalf of her grandfather Dana O. Baldwin at the 2018 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 7, 2018.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Dana Olden Baldwin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Strong Men and Women in Virginia History
Description
An account of the resource
Dana Olden Baldwin was a community physician whose entrepreneurial spirit created a thriving African-American business district in Martinsville.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree
Business and Entrepreneurship
Military
Science and Medicine
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1893
Birthplace
Bristol
Death Date
1956
Occupation
Sociologist and College President
Biographical Text
Growing up Bristol, Virginia, Charles Spurgeon Johnson (July 24, 1893–October 27, 1956) experienced racial discrimination that led to his lifelong fight for equal rights. His well-educated parents sent him to an academy in Richmond, and in 1916 he earned a bachelor of arts from Virginia Union University. His studies in sociology at the University of Chicago were interrupted by World War I, in which he served as a noncommissioned officer with the 803rd Pioneer Infantry in France. After returning to the United States, he was deeply affected by his experience in the 1919 Chicago race riots. Subsequently he conducted most of the research on the riots for the Chicago Commission on Race Relations. As a result of his work, the National Urban League appointed Johnson director of its research department in 1921. <br /><br />In 1928 he left New York for Nashville, Tennessee, to chair Fisk University's social sciences department. Johnson saw racial segregation as a threat to American democracy and prosperity. He systematically documented the negative economic and social effects of segregation on African Americans and made Fisk a center for studies on race relations in the South. Elected president of Fisk in 1946, Johnson was the first African American to hold the post, and under his leadership the university flourished. Widely recognized for his expertise on race relations, Johnson served on regional, national, and international organizations and commissions, including government appointments in 1946 to an advisory committee on postwar educational reforms in Japan and as a U.S. delegate to UNESCO.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2017</span></a></span><span> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion.<br /><br /></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FzlhlmPm00" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a></span><span> Charles S. Johnson's grandson accept his award on behalf of his grandfather at the 2017 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 3, 2017.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Fisk University, John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library, Special Collections, Charles S. Johnson Archive.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Charles Spurgeon Johnson
Subject
The topic of the resource
Strong Men and Women in Virginia History
Description
An account of the resource
Charles Spurgeon Johnson battled racism early in the twentieth century as a preeminent sociologist, author, educator, and college president.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree
Civil Rights and Reform
Education
Government and Law
Military
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1907
Birthplace
Staunton
Death Date
1956
Occupation
Artist
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Horace Talmage Day Jr.
Biographical Text
Acclaimed artist Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day (November 29, 1907–April 2, 1956) grew up in Culpeper, which often figured in her paintings. After graduating from Randolph-Macon Woman's College (later Randolph College) in 1928, she studied for three years at the Art Students League and received two fellowships for further study in Europe. Elizabeth Nottingham, as she was known professionally throughout her life, first exhibited in New York galleries in 1929 and continued to show her work regularly in New York and Virginia. One critic wrote that "her palette could 'sing' or 'moan' in her unceasing quest to portray the moods of Virginia's countryside." <br /><br />Returning to Virginia early in the 1930s, Nottingham received a commission to paint a series of historical panels for a Winchester school. In 1936 she became director of the Big Stone Gap Federal Art Gallery and later that year became director of the Lynchburg Federal Art Gallery, supervising the development of exhibitions as well as classes in painting, composition, interior and costume design, and hand crafts. Nottingham served as assistant state art supervisor of the Works Projects Administration's extension service in 1940–1941. She married artist Horace Talmage Day in 1941, and the couple joined the faculty at Mary Baldwin College, where they directed the art department. Committed to bringing art to rural areas of the state, Elizabeth Nottingham Day served as a board member and as president of the Virginia Art Alliance and sat on the State Art Commission from 1950 until 1956.<br /><br /><br /><span><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2016" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2016</span></a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.</span>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
A gifted teacher who strove to bring art to all Virginians, Elizabeth Nottingham Day was also an acclaimed artist of the Virginia scene.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Arts and Literature
Education
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1902
Birthplace
Arlington
Death Date
2004
Occupation
Public Television Pioneer
Biographical Text
The daughter of a Moravian minister, Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell (December 4, 1902–January 9, 2004) turned to a career in education when she was unable to enter the ministry since the Moravian church admitted only men. After earning a bachelor's degree from Salem College, in North Carolina, and a master's degree from Columbia University, she worked as dean of women at Moravian Seminary and College for Women, in Pennsylvania, and at Mary Baldwin College (later Mary Baldwin University), in Staunton. After her 1936 marriage she moved to Arlington, where she became an advocate for the public schools. <br /><br />Campbell won election to the Arlington County School Board in 1947 and was reelected in 1951, serving for eight years, part of the time as chair. In addition to working to improve the quality of the public schools, she boldly proposed to begin desegregating the school system after the Supreme Court's 1954 and 1955 <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em> decisions. The state adopted a policy of Massive Resistance to desegregation and stripped from Arlington residents the right to elect their own school board members. Campbell lost her seat on the school board in 1955, but served another term from 1960 to 1963. <br /><br />While on the school board she began working to use television as an instructional tool and took part in founding WETA in 1953, the first educational television station in the Washington, D.C., area. As longtime president of the Arlington-based Greater Washington Educational Television Association, she developed it into one of the most-successful public broadcasting companies in the United States, and WETA became one of the major producers of programs for the Public Broadcasting System.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2001</a></span><span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International.</span>
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of WETA.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2001 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Description
An account of the resource
Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell's belief in the value of education and the power of public broadcasting led her to help create the successful public educational television station, WETA.
Community Leadership and Philanthropy
Sports and Media
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1891
Birthplace
Arlington County
Death Date
1976
Occupation
Attorney
Biographical Text
A New Jersey native, Eleanor Bontecou (February 14, 1891–March 19, 1976) studied law at Harvard University under Felix Frankfurter and received a Ph.D. in 1928 from the Robert Brookings Graduate School of Economics and Government (later the Brookings Institution). A promising start as a law professor at the University of Chicago was cut short when she contracted encephalitis lethargica (sleeping sickness). Bontecou spent most of the 1930s bedridden and disabled. She never fully recovered her health and exhibited impaired balance and a slight tremor in her hands for the rest of her life. <br /><br />Bontecou provided legal advice to the Southern Conference for Human Welfare in its campaign to abolish the poll tax and also worked with Ralph Bunche on a survey of southern suffrage for the New School for Social Research and the Carnegie Foundation Study of the Negro in America. <br /><br />In 1943 Bontecou became one of the first seven attorneys in the new Civil Rights Section of the Criminal Division at the United States Department of Justice, where she earned a reputation as the most able attorney on issues of race and in cases of discrimination against Japanese Americans. She completed a study of the way the United States and the allied nations had treated conscientious objectors during World War I and recommended solutions to conscientious objector problems in World War II. Transferred to the War Department in 1946, she helped prepare for the prosecution of major war criminals in the Pacific theater and the following year went to Nuremberg to inspect and report on war crimes activities in Germany. In retirement in the 1950s, Bontecou devoted her legal expertise and energy to victims of McCarthy-era hysteria by counseling, and in some cases raising money for, federal government employees charged with subversion. <br /><br />A law professorship at Seton Hall University bears her name.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2011" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2011</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of Harry S. Truman Library.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Eleanor Bontecou
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
Eleanor Bontecou overcame debilitating illness to combat discrimination against Japanese Americans during World War II, study the treatment of conscientious objectors, and counsel federal government employees accused of subversive activities.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Government and Law
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1893
Birthplace
Vienna
Death Date
1948
Occupation
Educator
Biographical Text
A dedicated teacher, Louise A. Reeves Archer (October 23, 1893–April 1, 1948) brought Vienna’s African American community together in service to its school. Louise Reeves grew up in North Carolina and attended Livingstone College. She taught school in Southampton County, Virginia, where she married Romulus C. Archer Jr. in 1915. They moved to Washington, D.C., in 1922 and she continued her education, later earning a B.S. from Morgan State College. <br /><br />In 1922 Archer became teacher and principal for a one-room segregated school in Vienna. Devoted to her students, she often transported children to school herself and worked to improve their learning experience. She organized a Parent-Teacher Association to raise funds for supplies and a new building, which opened in 1939 with three rooms. In 1941 students, parents, and faculty raised $300, which paid for a music teacher, bus expenses, kitchen supplies, and the installation of electric lights. Archer also established one of Fairfax County’s earliest 4-H Clubs for African Americans and her students participated in garden projects to raise vegetables for lunches prepared at school. <br /><br />Archer provided a high-quality education. In addition to the academic curriculum, she taught sewing, cooking, music, and poetry to her students in fifth through seventh grades, which was then the highest level of public education available to African Americans in the county. After Archer’s death, families petitioned the county to name the school in her honor. Louise Archer Elementary School continues to remember her service to the community with an annual celebration in her honor.<br /><br />
<p><em>Nominated by the 2011–2012 fourth-grade classes of Kristin Beurmann and Lauren Wagner, Louise Archer Elementary School, Vienna.</em><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2013</a></span> <span>Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.</span><br /><em></em></p>
Bibliography
Image courtesy of Louise Archer Elementary School.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Louise A. Reeves Archer
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
A highly respected teacher and principal, Louise Reeves Archer inspired her students through her dedication and commitment to their education.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Education
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1893
Birthplace
Lynchburg
Death Date
1955
Occupation
Aviator
Biographical Text
Mary C. Alexander (March 2, 1893–April 16,1955) was one of the first women to become a commercial pilot. A native of Loudoun County, she resided in Lynchburg from about 1917 to 1935 and in 1924 became president of an automobile dealership. Soon after she divorced in 1929, she took flying lessons in New York and Baltimore and joined the Ninety-Nines, the first national organization of women aviators. <br /><br />Because divorce was then rare and could leave a woman at a disadvantage, Alexander allowed people to believe that she was instead a widow. She spoke and wrote enthusiastically about women flying and stated that she saw no conflicts among her roles as mother, business executive, and aviator. She listed herself in the Lynchburg city directory as “aviatrix” a feminine variation on “aviator.” In 1932 the famed pilot Amelia Earhart referred to Alexander as “the flying grandmother.” <br /><br />Alexander flew in numerous air shows, but she shunned high-risk barn-storming. About 1932 she acquired an air transport license and for almost two years she and her pilots flew scheduled air service between Washington, D.C., and Norfolk, using a Virginia Air National Guard airfield in Virginia Beach as the southern terminus. She continued to fly until the end of the 1930s when she took a desk job with Pan American Airways. Alexander retired early in the 1950s following her second marriage and lived near Washington, where she died in 1955.<br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2013</a></span> <span>Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.</span>
Bibliography
The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mary C. Alexander
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
One of the first women licensed pilots in Virginia, Mary C. Alexander owned and operated a scheduled air service between Norfolk and Washington, D.C., during the 1930s.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2013 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Science and Medicine
-
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b848c4341fcc3c3dcce5ac55c7ed1f43
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Great Depression and World War II
Description
An account of the resource
Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative.
World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy.
Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-1945
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1881
Birthplace
King William County
Death Date
1973
Occupation
Upper Mattaponi Leader
Biographical Text
Mollie Wade Holmes Adams (October 8, 1881–December 14, 1973) grew up in King William County in the Adamstown (later the Upper Mattaponi) Indian community. She faced the same hardships as her neighbors, including poverty, difficulty in attaining education, and the racism of outsiders. In 1900 she married Jasper Lewis Adams, who served as chief of the Upper Mattaponi from 1923 to 1973. Mollie Adams joined her husband as a leader of the tribe as he facilitated the purchase and construction of the Sharon Indian School in 1919 and the Indian View Baptist Church in 1942. <br /><br />Raising her twelve children, Adams faced the bigotry of Walter A. Plecker's management of the Virginia Bureau of Vital Statistics. Plecker systematically worked to reclassify all Virginia Indians as "negro" or "colored" and therefore relegate them to the same racist laws to which African Americans were subject. In a counter move to Plecker's claims against the Indians, several white men signed a statement certifying Adams's Indian ancestry. <br /><br />Despite this adversity, Adams was a tribal elder and passed on the almost-lost skill of feather weaving. She aided anthropologists by allowing her picture to be published in one study and by explaining her herbal remedies to researchers. Adams built a strong base for the modern Upper Mattaponi through her church and tribal activism. Her son Andrew Washington Adams was chief of the Upper Mattaponi from 1974 to 1985, and her grandson, Kenneth Adams, is the current chief. <br /><br /><em>Nominated by Arlene Milner, Keysville.</em><br /><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2010" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2010</a></span> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.<br />
Bibliography
Image Courtesy of The Library of Virginia.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mollie Holmes Adams
Subject
The topic of the resource
Virginia Women In History
Description
An account of the resource
Mollie Holmes Adams helped preserve the Upper Mattaponi heritage by passing on the almost-lost art of feather weaving and recording her herbal remedies.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010 Virginia Women in History Honoree
Arts and Literature
Community Leadership and Philanthropy